Explainers
Our explainers cover key subjects relating to our work, setting out key facts and figures and answering the most important questions about government.
Explore our explainers
European Communities Act 1972
The European Communities Act 1972 was the piece of legislation that brought the UK into the Europe Union: it gives EU law supremacy over UK national l
Non-tariff barriers
Non-tariff barriers can be more restrictive for trade than actual tariffs. During the second half of the 20th century, multilateral trade rounds drama
Key questions on UK immigration
It is important to first point out that the UK already has full control over immigration from outside the European Economic Area (EU member states, pl
UK–EU future relationship: Article 218
Article 218 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union sets out the EU’s rules for conducting negotiations with third parties.
Article 127 and the Single Market
In 1993, the EU extended membership of the Single Market to three non-EU states: Norway, Lichtenstein and Iceland. It drafted an agreement – known as
World Trade Organization
The WTO is a negotiating forum for its members to create international trade rules, and an organisation to oversee how they put the rules into practic
Nicky Morgan
Nicky Morgan reflects on her time in government for the Institute for Government’s Ministers Reflect project.
Oliver Letwin
Oliver Letwin was interviewed on 15 December 2016 for the IfG Ministers Reflect project.
Hugo Swire
Hugo Swire reflects on his time in government for the Institute for Government’s Ministers Reflect project.
Ed Vaizey
Ed Vaizey reflects on his time in government for the Institute for Government’s Ministers Reflect project.